@article {979,
	title = {Notes on Hairy Frogs (Trichobatrachus robustus Boulenger) Collected in Rio Muni, West Africa},
	journal = {Herpetologica},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1971},
	pages = {51-54},
	author = {Jones, C.}
}
@article {291,
	title = {Heterotopic Bones in the Hind Limbs of Frogs of the Families Pipidae Ranidae and Sooglossidae},
	journal = {Herpetologica},
	volume = {38},
	number = {2},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {312-320},
	abstract = {Three kinds of heterotopic skeletal elements occur in the tarsal segment of the hindlimb of frogs. The Cartilago plantaris occurs in the subarticular region of the foot of arthroleptine ranoids, Pipa, Rana esculenta and probably others, and the Cartilago sesamoides is found in the Ligamentum calcanei of a wide variety of frogs. The 3rd element, herein named the Os sesamoides tarsale [O. s. tarsale] occurs in the proximal end of the Aponeurosis plantaris (Achilles tendon) of the 3 known sooglossid species, 5 species of Pipa, and a few southern African microranids of the subfamily Phrynobatrachinae (sensu Poynton, 1964), including Arthroleptella hewetti, Cacosternum (C. boettgeri, C. capense, C. namaquense) and Natalobatrachus bonebergi. The O. S. tarsale does not occur, at least in the calcified form, in other phrynobatrachines, nor does it occur in numerous other species representing a broad range of genera and families. The form of the O. s. tarsale is uniform among Pipa spp. consisting mainly of a pars articulata; the O. s. tarsale of sooglossids and phrynobatrachines is a 2-part structure (pars articulata + pars distalis). The O. s. tarsale of Pipa presumably is unrelated phylogenetically to that of the 2 other taxa. The O. s. tarsale of sooglossids and phrynobatrachines may or may not have a common origin.},
	author = {Nussbaum, Ronald A.}
}
@article {299,
	title = {Sound Levels of Mating Calls of Some African Frogs},
	journal = {Herpetologica},
	volume = {37},
	number = {3},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {166-171},
	abstract = {Sound pressure levels of mating calls of 17 subtropical African frogs [Bufonidae Bufo gutturalis, B. garmani; Microhylidae Phrynomerus bifasciatus; Randiae Tomopterna cryptotis, T. krugerensis, Ptychadena anchietae, P. mossambica, Phrynobatrachus natalensis, P. mababiensis, Cacosternum boettgeri, Hyperolius tuberilinguis, H. argus, H. pusillus, H. marmoratus, Afrixalus brachycnemis, A. fornasinii and Kassina maculata] were measured in the field. Peak levels ranged from 92 (measured at 25 cm) to 120 dB (measured at 50 cm). No clear relationship was found between species size and call intensity. Intraspecific variation in sound pressure level of calls ranged from 0.5-10.5 dB. Successive mating calls of most individuals varied by 1.5 dB or less. The sound fields surrounding calling animals were directional in 6 of the 7 species examined.},
	keywords = {Phrynobatrachus},
	author = {Passmore, N. I.}
}
@article {1320,
	title = {Polyandry in the Leaf-Folding frogs, Afrixalus delicatus},
	journal = {Herpetologica},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {7-10},
	author = {Blackwell, P.R.Y. and Passmore, N. I.}
}
@article {190,
	title = {A new taxon of Bufonidae from Peru, with descriptions of two new species and a review of the phylogenetic status of supraspecific bufonid taxa},
	journal = {Herpetologica},
	volume = {51},
	number = {2},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {105-131},
	keywords = {Nectophrynoides},
	author = {Graybeal, A. and D.C. Cannatella}
}
@article {213,
	title = {Visual signaling in Phrynobatrachus krefftii Boulenger, 1909 (Anura : Ranidae)},
	journal = {Herpetologica},
	volume = {62},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingMAR},
	pages = {18-27},
	abstract = {<p>During intraspecific interactions involving males, females and subadults, acoustic as well as visual signals were observed in the diurnal frog Phrynobatrachus krefftii. Strikingly, interactions between adult in ales are highly dominated by inflations of the bright yellow subgular vocal sac without sound production. We studied the signaling behavior in males of P. krefftii at the Amani Nature Reserve, Usambara mountains, Tanzania, from November 2001 to March 2002. Under nomnanipulated conditions, we registered 641 male-male interactions involving 31 individuals during 323 hours of observation. Most (496 or 77\%) inflations of the vocal sac were purely visual; the remainder (145 or 23\%) of the signals were bimodal, and accompanied by sound production. To test whether exclusive visual signaling can be evoked under experimental conditions, we introduced tethered males into the visual field of 28 residents, registering the elicited responses over 10 minutes after the introduction. Unimodal (i.e., exclusive visual) signals (825 out of 1106 responses) dominated over vocal-sac inflations accompanied with sound production. In seven selected focal males, the rate of exclusive visual signaling (0.57 signals/min), however, was more frequent than under nonmanipulated conditions (0.13 signals/min). Phrynobatrachus krefftii is the first species of anuran amphibians reported to perform nonaudible vocal-sac inflations during intraspecific male-male signaling behavior.</p>
},
	author = {Hirschmann, W. and Hoedl, W.}
}
@article {2253,
	title = {A new squeaker frog (Arthroleptidae: Arthroleptis) from Bioko Island Equatorial Guinea.},
	journal = {Herpetologica},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {320-334},
	author = {Blackburn, D.C.}
}
