@article {152, title = {Tadpoles of Three Frog Species Endemic to the Forests of the Eastern Arc Mountains Tanzania}, journal = {Amphibia-Reptilia}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, year = {1989}, pages = {435-444}, abstract = {The tadpoles of three poorly known endemic frog species from the forested mountains of the Republic of Tanzania are described: Arthroleptides martiensseni (Anura: Ranidae), Afrixalus uluguruensis (Hyperoliidae) and Leptopelis vermiculatus (hyperoliidae). Natural history observations are included where possible.}, author = {Drewes, R. C. and Altig, R. and Howell, K. M.} } @article {1261, title = {A case of paraphyly in the genus Kassina Girard, 1853 (Anura: Hyperoliidae)}, journal = {South African Journal of Science}, volume = {81}, year = {1985}, pages = {186-191}, author = {Drewes, R. C.} } @article {1259, title = {Mating calls of the {\textquoteright}Kassinoid{\textquoteright} genera Kassina, Kassinula, Phlyctimantis and Tornierella (Anura: Hyperoliidae)}, journal = {South African Journal of Science}, volume = {81}, year = {1985}, pages = {191-195}, author = {Tandy, M. and Drewes, R. C.} } @article {1030, title = {A new genus and species of brevicipitine frog (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) from high altitude in the mountains of Ethiopia}, journal = {Tropical Zoology}, volume = {2}, year = {1989}, pages = {13-30}, author = {Largen, M.J. and Drewes, R. C.} } @article {1429, title = {Anuran egg predation and heterocannibalism in a breeding community of East African frogs}, journal = {Tropical Zoology}, volume = {9}, year = {1996}, pages = {333-347}, author = {Drewes, R. C. and Altig, R.} } @article {154, title = {Amphibians of the Impenetrable Forest, Southwest Uganda}, journal = {Journal of African Zoology}, volume = {108}, number = {1}, year = {1994}, pages = {55-70}, abstract = {

This report on the amphibians of the Impenetrable Forest, southwestern Uganda is based on a survey conducted October-December 1990 and on examination of preserved museum specimens. Twenty-eight species, four of which are new to Uganda, are shown to inhabit the Impenetrable Forest, including an unknown species of Petropedetes, a genus hitherto not known to occur east of Cameroun.

}, author = {Drewes, R. C. and Vindum, J.V.} } @article {125, title = {Description of the tadpole of Bufo kisoloensis}, journal = {Alytes (Paris)}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {13-18}, url = {://PREV199799703688}, author = {Channing, Alan and Drewes, R. C.} } @article {151, title = {A new species of treefrog from the Serengeti, National Park, Tanzania (Anura; Hyperoliidae: Hyperolius)}, journal = {Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences}, volume = {49}, number = {13}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {439-446}, abstract = {A remarkable new rough-skinned, rock-dwelling species of the genus Hyperolius (Hyperoliidae) is described from Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. The new species is not related to the other rough-skinned Hyperolius tuberculatus of West Africa, nor to the sympatric Hyperolius viridiflavus goetzi.}, url = {://PREV199799545246}, author = {Drewes, R. C.} } @article {402, title = {Phylogenetic relationships within the Hyperolius viridiflavus complex (Anura: Hyperoliidae), and comments on taxonomic status}, journal = {Amphibia-Reptilia}, volume = {22}, number = {2}, year = {2001}, month = {29 March, 2001}, pages = {155-166}, abstract = {

The taxonomy of the Hyperolius viridiflavus complex, a group of African frogs, has been problematic. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of these frogs. The phylogeny showed that subspecies were grouped into clades, within which certain taxa were not supported by fixed characters. We used the phylogenetic species concept to identify the smallest monophyletic clades supported by at least one fixed character, and suggest taxonomic revisions based on our results. We identify ten species within the H. viridiflavus complex.

}, author = {Wieczorek, Ania M. and Drewes, R. C. and Channing, Alan} } @article {401, title = {Biogeography and evolutionary history of Hyperolius species: Application of molecular phylogeny}, journal = {Journal of Biogeography}, volume = {27}, number = {5}, year = {2000}, month = {September, 2000}, pages = {1231-1243}, abstract = {Aim We propose a phylogeny of selected Hyperolius species (Anura: Hyperoliidae), based on mtDNA sequence data and parsimony analysis. This phylogeny was used to interpret the historical biogeography of the genus in Africa. Location Samples were collected throughout the distribution of Hyperolius in Africa. Methods We compiled distributional maps of all species, summarized historical changes in vegetation and climate in Africa since the late Cretaceous, and used these in combination to identify historical factors that may have contributed to speciation in these frogs. A phylogeny for Hyperolius was derived from mtDNA sequence data and interpreted in terms of climatic and vegetation changes in Africa. Main conclusions Lowland rainforest is proposed to have been the ancestral habitat of Hyperolius. The expansion of savannah and reduction of lowland rainforest were identified as important factors in the differentiation of the more basal species. Finally, the development of the Rift Valley system played an important role in the speciation of derived species with relatively limited distributions.}, url = {://PREV200100116251}, author = {Wieczorek, Ania M. and Drewes, R. C. and Channing, Alan} } @article {153, title = {A new species of giant, montane Phrynobatrachus (Anura: Ranidae) from the central mountains of Kenya}, journal = {Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences}, volume = {52}, number = {5}, year = {2000}, month = {July 26}, pages = {55-64}, author = {Drewes, R. C. and Perret, J.-L.} } @article {155, title = {The taxonomic status of the genus Nesionixalus Perret, 1976 (Anura: Hyperoliidae), treefrogs of S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} and Pr{\'{\i}ncope, with comments on the genus Hyperolius}, journal = {Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences}, volume = {55}, number = {20}, year = {2004}, pages = {395-407}, url = {file://localhost/Users/breda/Desktop/Literature/D/Drewes_Wilkinson_2004.pdf}, author = {Drewes, R. C. and Wilkinson, Jeffery A.} } @article {404, title = {A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family Rhacophoridae with an emphasis on the Asian and African genera}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {24}, number = {2}, year = {2002}, month = {August, 2002}, pages = {265-273}, abstract = {Using characters from mitochondrial DNA to construct maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood trees, we performed a phylogenetic analysis on representative species of 14 genera: 12 that belong to the treefrog family Rhacophoridae and two, Amolops and Rana, that are not rhacophorids. Our results support a phylogenetic hypothesis that depicts a monophyletic family Rhacophoridae. In this family, the Malagasy genera Aglyptodactylus, Boophis, Mantella, and Mantidactylus form a well-supported sister clade to all other rhacophorid genera, and Mantella is the sister taxon to Mantidactylus. Within the Asian/African genera, the genus Buergeria forms a well-supported clade of four species. The genera, except for Chirixalus, are generally monophyletic. An exception to this is that Polypedates dennysii clusters with species of Rhacophorus, suggesting that the taxonomy of the rhacophorids should be revised to reflect this relationship. Chirixalus is not monophyletic. Unexpectedly, there is strong support for Chirixalus doriae from Southeast Asia forming a clade with species of the African genus Chiromantis, suggesting that Chiromantis dispersed to Africa from Asia. Also, there is strong support for the sister taxon relationship of Chirixalus eiffingeri and Chirixalus idiootocus apart from other congeners.}, url = {://PREV200200546991}, author = {Wilkinson, Jeffery A. and Drewes, R. C. and Tatum, Owatha L.} } @article {1051, title = {Phrynobatrachus sulfureogularis}, journal = {In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1. }, number = {Downloaded on 30 June 2010}, year = {2004}, author = {Pickersgill, M. and Drewes, R. C.} } @article {1057, title = {Phrynobatrachus versicolor}, journal = {In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1. }, number = {Downloaded on 30 June 2010}, year = {2004}, author = {Drewes, R. C. and Pickersgill, M.} } @article {1018, title = {Phrynobatrachus bequaerti}, journal = {In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1. }, number = {Downloaded on 28 June 2010}, year = {2004}, author = {Pickersgill, M. and Drewes, R. C.} } @article {1004, title = {Phrynobatrachus acutirostris}, journal = {In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1. }, number = {Downloaded on 28 June 2010}, year = {2004}, author = {Pickersgill, M. and Drewes, R. C.} } @article {1005, title = {Phrynobatrachus africanus}, journal = {In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1. }, number = {Downloaded on 28 June 2010}, year = {2004}, author = {J.-L. Amiet and Burger, M. and Drewes, R. C.} } @article {1014, title = {Phrynobatrachus asper}, journal = {In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1. }, number = {Downloaded on 28 June 2010}, year = {2004}, author = {Drewes, R. C. and Pickersgill, M.} } @book {362, title = {Pocket guide to the reptiles and amphibians of East Africa}, year = {2006}, note = {TY - BOOK}, month = {c2006.}, pages = {240 p. HOLLIS no. - 009982699}, publisher = {A. \& C. Black,}, organization = {A. \& C. Black,}, address = {London}, keywords = {Amphibians Africa, East Identification., Reptiles Africa}, isbn = {0713674253 (pbk.)}, url = {http://discovery.lib.harvard.edu//?itemid=\%7clibrary\%2fm\%2faleph\%7c009982699 CN - Museum Comp Zoology | QL662.E2 S72 2006, QL662.E2 S72 2006}, author = {Spawls, Stephen, 1953- and Howell, Kim. and Drewes, R. C.} } @article {179, title = {The amphibian tree of life}, journal = {Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History}, volume = {297}, year = {2006}, note = {Using Smart Source Parsing292-370}, pages = {8-291}, abstract = {

The evidentiary basis of the currently accepted classification of living amphibians is discussed and shown not to warrant the degree of authority conferred on it by use and tradition. A new taxonomy of living amphibians is proposed to correct the deficiencies of the old one. This new taxonomy is based on the largest phylogenetic analysis of living Amphibia so far accomplished. We combined the comparative anatomical character evidence of Haas (2003) with DNA sequences from the mitochondrial transcription unit HI (12S and 16S ribosomal RNA and tRNA(Valine) genes, 2,400 bp of mitochondrial sequences) and the nuclear genes histone H3, rhodopsin, tyrosinase, and seven in absentia, and the large ribosomal subunit 28S (approximate to 2,300 bp of nuclear sequences; ca. 1.8 million base pairs; x ($) over bar = 3.7 kb/terminal). The dataset includes 532 terminals sampled from 522 species representative of the global diversity of amphibians as well as seven of the closest living relatives of amphibians for outgroup comparisons.

}, author = {Frost, Darrel R. and Grant, Taran and Faivovich, Julian and Bain, Raoul H. and Haas, Alexander and Haddad, Celio F. B. and De Sa, Rafael O. and Channing, Alan and Wilkinson, Mark and Donnellan, Stephen C. and Raxworthy, Christopher J. and Campbell, Jonathan A. and Blotto, Boris L. and Moler, Paul and Drewes, R. C. and Nussbaum, Ronald A. and Lynch, John D. and Green, David m and Wheeler, Ward C.} } @article {377, title = {The California Academy of Sciences Gulf of Guinea expeditions (2001,2006) VI. A new species of Phrynobatrachus from the Gulf of Guinea islands and a reanalysis of Phrynobatrachus dispar and P. feae (Anura: Phrynobatrachidae)}, journal = {Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences}, volume = {58}, number = {13-22}, year = {2007}, month = {Sep 28 2007}, pages = {367-385}, abstract = {

The oceanic islands of Sao Tome and Principe in the Gulf of Guinea of Africa harbor a surprising number of endemic amphibians. Two species of puddle frogs (Phrynobatrachus) have been described from these islands: Phryaobatrachus dispar (Peters, 1870) and P. feae (Boulenger, 1906). The validity of P. feae as a taxon distinct from P. dispar has been in doubt and in recent works the two have been considered synonymous. However, a detailed analysis has never been performed. We examined 175 specimens of Phrynobatrachus collected from the two islands during the 2001 and 2006 CAS Gulf of Guinea expeditions as well as two syntypes of P. feae. Consistent external morphological and osteological differences were found between specimens from different islands. Furthermore, maximum likelihood analysis of cytochrome b sequences revealed a high mean inter-island sequence divergence of 21\%, whereas intra-island distances were only around 1\%. This level of divergence indicates an ancient split, possibly predating the formation of Sao Tome. Mitochondrial DNA sequences from 12S rRNA, valine-tRNA, and 16S rRNA genes support this divergence and indicate that the P. dispar clade is sister to an East African clade of Phryuobatrachus, and not West African species, a recurrent theme with this insular amphibian fauna. Because the type localities of both currently available names are on Principe Island, the species endemic to Sao Tome is undescribed. We thus describe a new species of Phrynobatrachus, raising the current total of endemic amphibian species in the Gulf of Guinea Islands from six to seven.

}, url = {://PREV200700572041}, author = {Uyeda, J.C. and Drewes, R. C. and Zimkus, B.M.} } @article {181, title = {Spatial and temporal patterns of abundance and diversity of an east African leaf litter amphibian fauna}, journal = {Biotropica}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan 2007}, pages = {105-113}, abstract = {We present data on sample richness, relative abundance, and community structure of a leaf litter amphibian assemblage from globally important miombo-mopane woodlands characteristic of western Tanzania. We describe patterns of diversity across major habitat types and between different seasons from an annual pitfall-trapping campaign. We recorded 28 species of amphibians, which is significantly higher than existing richness estimates for other miombo woodland sites elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa. We found that cultivation of native habitat reduces frog diversity, a conclusion that has important implications in light of the rapid conversion of miombo woodland for agriculture and fuel-wood across much of southern and central Africa. Many species showed strongly ansynchronized patterns of seasonality in relative abundance, which has significant implications for the establishment of successful monitoring programs and biodiversity surveys. These conclusions emphasize the importance of stratified long-term sampling in biodiversity studies and demonstrate that superficial levels of sampling effort can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding patterns of diversity in amphibian communities. The relatively poor focus on herpetofaunal research in African miombo-mopane woodland is out of proportion to its ecological and conservation significance.}, url = {://PREV200700097828}, author = {Gardner, Toby A. and Fitzherbert, Emily B. and Drewes, R. C. and Howell, Kim M. and Caro, Tim} } @article {280, title = {Freshwater paths across the ocean: molecular phylogeny of the frog Ptychadena newtoni gives insights into amphibian colonization of oceanic islands}, journal = {Journal of Biogeography}, volume = {34}, number = {1}, year = {2007}, note = {Using Smart Source ParsingJAN}, pages = {7-20}, abstract = {Aim Amphibians are a model group for studies of the biogeographical origins of salt-intolerant taxa on oceanic islands. We used the Gulf of Guinea islands to explore the biogeographical origins of island endemism of one species of frog, and used this to gain insights into potential colonization mechanisms.Location Sao Tome and Principe, two of the four major islands in the Gulf of Guinea, West Africa, are truly oceanic and have an exceptionally high biodiversity.Methods Mitochondrial DNA is used to test the endemic status of a frog from Sao Tome and compare it with congeneric taxa from tropical Africa. Existing data on surface currents, surface salinity, atmospheric circulation and bird migration in the Gulf of Guinea are summarized to address hypotheses concerning colonization mechanisms.Results The endemic status of Ptychadena newtoni (Bocage) is supported here by mitochondrial DNA sequences, and analysis of this and other molecular data indicates that an East African species close to Ptychadena mascareniensis (Dumeril and Bibron) is its nearest relative. We refute the possibility that this population was anthropogenically introduced, in favour of a natural dispersal mechanism.Main conclusions With six endemic frogs and one caecilian, the Gulf of Guinea islands harbour a diverse amphibian fauna. Five of these species appear to have their closest relatives in East Africa. Insufficient evidence exists for transportation by storms, birds or rafts alone. However, we propose a synergy of rafting, favourable surface currents and a reduction in salinity of surface waters. Catastrophic events, or wet periods in climatic history, could allow freshwater paths to open far enough to enable continental flora and fauna to reach these and other isolated oceanic islands.}, author = {Measey, G. John and Vences, Miguel and Drewes, R. C. and Chiari, Ylenia and Melo, Martim and Bourles, Bernard} }