01328nas a2200109   4500008004100000245009000041210006900131300001200200520090200212100002501114856007901139       2002                        eng d00aCombined evidence and cladistic relationships of West Indian toads (Anura: Bufonidae)0 aCombined evidence and cladistic relationships of West Indian toa  a121-1513 aPrevious systematic studies of the Bufo peltocephalus Group based on morphology and one on molecular data support the monophyly of this lineage of West Indian toads. Herein, additional phylogenetic evidence supporting the monophyly of the group is presented. Osteological, external morphological, and DNA sequence data were examined and combined to estimate the phylogenetic relationships of the West Indian B. peltocephalus Group (B. cataulaciceps, B. empusus, B. fluviaticus, B. peltocephalus, B. fustiger, B. guentheri, B. gundlachi, B. longinasus, B. lemur, and B. taladai). To assess the hypothesis of monophyly and estimate the placement of these species within Bufo, parsimony analyses including proposed close relatives and a taxonomically diverse sample of congeners were conducted. The nearest relatives of the West Indian toads appear to be the Bufo granulosus Group from South America.1 aPramuk, Jennifer, B.  ufile://localhost/Users/breda/Desktop/Literature/P/Pramuk%20etal%202001.pdf