@book {362, title = {Pocket guide to the reptiles and amphibians of East Africa}, year = {2006}, note = {TY - BOOK}, month = {c2006.}, pages = {240 p. HOLLIS no. - 009982699}, publisher = {A. \& C. Black,}, organization = {A. \& C. Black,}, address = {London}, keywords = {Amphibians Africa, East Identification., Reptiles Africa}, isbn = {0713674253 (pbk.)}, url = {http://discovery.lib.harvard.edu//?itemid=\%7clibrary\%2fm\%2faleph\%7c009982699 CN - Museum Comp Zoology | QL662.E2 S72 2006, QL662.E2 S72 2006}, author = {Spawls, Stephen, 1953- and Howell, Kim. and Drewes, R. C.} } @article {263, title = {What do we know about the amphibians from the Kenyan central and western highlands? A faunistic and taxonomic review}, journal = {Salamandra}, volume = {42}, number = {2-3}, year = {2006}, month = {Aug 20 2006}, pages = {165-179}, abstract = {We reviewed the pertinent faunistic and taxonomic knowledge available from literature and scientific collections OD the amphibians from the central and western highlands of Kenya. Fifty-four anuran species in 19 genera and 12 families were recognized. Higher taxa are those also found in adjacent African regions. Exceptions are some genera otherwise known from extreme East Africa which, along with the order Gymnophiona, are absent from the central and western highlands of Kenya. The species Ptychadena schillukorum, P taenioscelis and Afrixalus osorioi are reported for the first time from Kenyan territory. The taxonomy of several species is poorly resolved, underlining the need for more alpha-taxonomic effort. This should include the application of modern methods, as molecular markers to uncover cryptic species diversity. We calculated 9.04 +/- 6.11 (1-30) localities per species (n = 54) and 3.98 +/- 2.88 (1-25) species per locality (n = 127), showing that sampling for both species and localities is of different quality and apparently far from complete. Sampling bias due to accessibility may play a role, and more comprehensive field surveys are suggested. It may be considered that certain amphibians reach their geographic range limits just at the periphery of the Kenyan central and western highlands (e.g. "Congolian" forest taxa) or are restricted to a small distribution within that region.}, url = {://PREV200600620095}, author = {L{\"o}tters, Stefan and Rotich, Damaris and Koester, Timo E. and Kosuch, Joachim and Muchai, Vincent and Scheelke, Karin and Schick, Susanne and Teege, Patrick and Wasonga, D. Victor and Veith, Michael} } @article {226, title = {A new species of arboreal Leptopelis (Anura : Arthroleptidae) from the forests of western Kenya}, journal = {Herpetological Journal}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, year = {2006}, month = {Apr 2006}, pages = {183-189}, abstract = {A new species of arboreal Leptopelis is described from Kakamega Forest, western Kenya. It is a small, brown forest species formerly referred to L. modestus, but distinguished by differences in advertisement call and the sequence of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. The specific allocation of certain related populations of Leplopelis in East and West Africa is briefly discussed.}, url = {://PREV200700013403}, author = {J{\"o}rn K{\"o}hler and Bwong, Beryl A. and Schick, Susanne and Veith, Michael and L{\"o}tters, Stefan} } @book {128, title = {Amphibians of East Africa}, series = {Comstock books in herpetology}, year = {2006}, note = {TY - BOOKIncludes bibliographical references (p. [388]-403) and indexes. HOLLIS no. - 010158631}, month = {2006.}, pages = {418 p., [24] p. of plates}, publisher = {Comstock Pub. Associates/Cornell University Press}, organization = {Comstock Pub. Associates/Cornell University Press}, address = {Ithaca}, keywords = {Amphibians Africa, East.}, isbn = {0801443741 (cloth : alk. paper)9780801443749 (cloth : alk. paper)}, url = {http://discovery.lib.harvard.edu//?itemid=\%7clibrary\%2fm\%2faleph\%7c010158631 CN - Museum Comp Zoology | QL662.A353 C48 2006, QL662.A353 C48 2006}, author = {Channing, A. and Howell, K.} } @article {126, title = {The biology and recent history of the critically endangered Kihansi spray toad Nectophrynoides asperginis in Tanzania}, journal = {Journal of East African Natural History}, volume = {95}, number = {Part 2}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {117-138}, abstract = {The ovoviviparous Kihansi spray toad Nectophrynoides asperginis is known from only one locality in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. At the time of discovery in 1996 the species occurred in a spray wetland habitat of about 4 ha maintained by spray from falls on the Kihansi River. River flow was diverted for hydropower production in late 1999, causing the habitat to desiccate, threatening the toad population and other plants and animals dependent on the spray wetland habitat.We conducted field studies from January 2001 to November 2002 in 12 visits, with additional counts through to June 2003. Here we report on the changes in population numbers in the light of the mitigation measures introduced from 2001 in an attempt to maintain a habitat suitable for the Kihansi spray toad. Some data on life history are presented. This small toad is now restricted to an area of less than 2 ha. Due to a reported population crash in late 2003, variously attributed to pesticide use upstream, chytrid fungus, or safari ants (Dorylus sp.), the Kihansi spray toad may be effectively extinct in the wild. The actual cause of the population crash is not known.}, url = {://PREV200700562653}, author = {Channing, Alan and Finlow-Bates, K. Siobain and Haarklau, Svein Erik and Hawkes, Peter G.} } @article {167, title = {Community assembly and structure of tropical leaf-litter anurans}, journal = {Ecotropica (Bonn)}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {113-129}, abstract = {We tested two traditional views of community organization relating to the individualistic continuum versus the interactive concept using anuran leaf-litter assemblages in primary and secondary forest habitats in Tai National Park (TNP), Ivory Coast as a model system. Based on biotic data and species occurrence patterns, the relative importance of each of these concepts was assessed. Null model tests of niche and size overlap revealed that the observed multivariate structure was only weakly influenced by biotic interactions, and therefore is most likely not the sole result of present species interactions. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and quadratic regression analyses showed that particular species responded to certain habitat characteristics, in particular the presence or absence of specific breeding sites and tree size classes, the latter being an index of forest degradation in this case. This corresponded to a discrimination of four major functional response groups within the leaf-litter community. However, the strength of these species-specific responses, and therefore the allocation to one or other of these response groups, varied throughout the year. Thus our results indicate that differing individual life histories, rather chair interspecific interactions, were likely explanations of the observed pattern. The leaf-litter anuran assemblages of TNP can be best described as a collection of loosely interacting individuals responding to particular sets of physiological constraints imposed by a particular location, rather than as a tightly integrated and highly interacting set of species.}, url = {://PREV200700085653}, author = {Ernst, Raffael and R{\"o}del, Mark-Oliver} } @article {179, title = {The amphibian tree of life}, journal = {Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History}, volume = {297}, year = {2006}, note = {Using Smart Source Parsing292-370}, pages = {8-291}, abstract = {

The evidentiary basis of the currently accepted classification of living amphibians is discussed and shown not to warrant the degree of authority conferred on it by use and tradition. A new taxonomy of living amphibians is proposed to correct the deficiencies of the old one. This new taxonomy is based on the largest phylogenetic analysis of living Amphibia so far accomplished. We combined the comparative anatomical character evidence of Haas (2003) with DNA sequences from the mitochondrial transcription unit HI (12S and 16S ribosomal RNA and tRNA(Valine) genes, 2,400 bp of mitochondrial sequences) and the nuclear genes histone H3, rhodopsin, tyrosinase, and seven in absentia, and the large ribosomal subunit 28S (approximate to 2,300 bp of nuclear sequences; ca. 1.8 million base pairs; x ($) over bar = 3.7 kb/terminal). The dataset includes 532 terminals sampled from 522 species representative of the global diversity of amphibians as well as seven of the closest living relatives of amphibians for outgroup comparisons.

}, author = {Frost, Darrel R. and Grant, Taran and Faivovich, Julian and Bain, Raoul H. and Haas, Alexander and Haddad, Celio F. B. and De Sa, Rafael O. and Channing, Alan and Wilkinson, Mark and Donnellan, Stephen C. and Raxworthy, Christopher J. and Campbell, Jonathan A. and Blotto, Boris L. and Moler, Paul and Drewes, R. C. and Nussbaum, Ronald A. and Lynch, John D. and Green, David m and Wheeler, Ward C.} } @article {982, title = {Callulina kisiwamsitu}, journal = {In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1. }, number = {Downloaded on 25 June 2010}, year = {2006}, author = {Channing, A. and Howell, K. and Loader, S.} } @article {991, title = {Captive-breeding programme for the Kihansi spray toad Nectophrynoides asperginis at the Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York}, journal = {International Zoo Yearbook}, volume = {40}, year = {2006}, pages = {241 - 253}, author = {LEE, S. and ZIPPEL, K. and RAMOS, L. and SEARLE, J.} } @book {854, title = {A Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Egypt}, year = {2006}, publisher = {The American University in Cairo Press}, organization = {The American University in Cairo Press}, address = {Cairo}, author = {Baha El Din, S.} } @article {2261, title = {New frog species of the genus Phrynobatrachus (Anura: Phrynobatrachidae) from Mt. Nlonako, Cameroon.}, journal = {Journal of Herpetology}, volume = {40}, year = {2006}, pages = {486-495}, author = {Plath, M. and Herrmann, H.-W. and W. B{\"o}hme} } @article {1027, title = {A new species of Probreviceps (Amphibia: Anura) from the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {1237}, year = {2006}, pages = {45-60}, author = {Loader, S.P. and Channing, A. and Menegon, M. and Davenport, T.R.} } @article {1116, title = {Notes on the genus Hyperolius in central R{\'e}publique D{\'e}mocratique du Congo}, journal = {Alytes}, volume = {24}, year = {2006}, pages = {40-60}, author = {Schi{\o}tz, A.} } @article {1053, title = {Phrynobatrachus tokba}, journal = {In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1. }, number = {Downloaded on 30 June 2010}, year = {2006}, author = {R{\"o}del, Mark-Oliver and Schi{\o}tz, A.} } @article {2530, title = {Pseudepidalea brongersmai}, journal = {In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2}, year = {2006}, publisher = {IUCN}, author = {A. Salvador and D. Donaire-Barroso and El Mouden, E. and T. Slimani and P. Geniez and Mateo, J.} } @article {1026, title = {Rediscovery and identity of Phrynobatrachus monticola Fischer, 1884}, journal = {African Journal of Herpetology}, volume = {55}, year = {2006}, pages = {69-74}, author = {R{\"o}del, Mark-Oliver and Hallermann, J.} } @article {1117, title = {Reflections on the Hyperolius nasutus group (Anura, Hyperoliidae)}, journal = {Alytes}, volume = {24}, year = {2006}, pages = {61-71}, author = {Schi{\o}tz, A.} } @article {2602, title = {Strongylopus kilimanjaro}, journal = {In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2.}, year = {2006}, author = {Stuart, Simon} } @article {213, title = {Visual signaling in Phrynobatrachus krefftii Boulenger, 1909 (Anura : Ranidae)}, journal = {Herpetologica}, volume = {62}, number = {1}, year = {2006}, note = {Using Smart Source ParsingMAR}, pages = {18-27}, abstract = {

During intraspecific interactions involving males, females and subadults, acoustic as well as visual signals were observed in the diurnal frog Phrynobatrachus krefftii. Strikingly, interactions between adult in ales are highly dominated by inflations of the bright yellow subgular vocal sac without sound production. We studied the signaling behavior in males of P. krefftii at the Amani Nature Reserve, Usambara mountains, Tanzania, from November 2001 to March 2002. Under nomnanipulated conditions, we registered 641 male-male interactions involving 31 individuals during 323 hours of observation. Most (496 or 77\%) inflations of the vocal sac were purely visual; the remainder (145 or 23\%) of the signals were bimodal, and accompanied by sound production. To test whether exclusive visual signaling can be evoked under experimental conditions, we introduced tethered males into the visual field of 28 residents, registering the elicited responses over 10 minutes after the introduction. Unimodal (i.e., exclusive visual) signals (825 out of 1106 responses) dominated over vocal-sac inflations accompanied with sound production. In seven selected focal males, the rate of exclusive visual signaling (0.57 signals/min), however, was more frequent than under nonmanipulated conditions (0.13 signals/min). Phrynobatrachus krefftii is the first species of anuran amphibians reported to perform nonaudible vocal-sac inflations during intraspecific male-male signaling behavior.

}, author = {Hirschmann, W. and Hoedl, W.} } @article {113, title = {Multiple mechanisms promote the retained expression of gene duplicates in the tetraploid frog Xenopus laevis}, journal = {PLoS Genetics}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, year = {2006}, note = {Using Smart Source ParsingAPR}, pages = {478-490}, abstract = {Gene duplication provides a window of opportunity for biological variants to persist under the protection of a co-expressed copy with similar or redundant function. Duplication catalyzes innovation ( neofunctionalization), subfunction degeneration ( subfunctionalization), and genetic buffering ( redundancy), and the genetic survival of each paralog is triggered by mechanisms that add, compromise, or do not alter protein function. We tested the applicability of three types of mechanisms for promoting the retained expression of duplicated genes in 290 expressed paralogs of the tetraploid clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Tests were based on explicit expectations concerning the ka/ks ratio, and the number and location of nonsynonymous substitutions after duplication. Functional constraints on the majority of paralogs are not significantly different from a singleton ortholog. However, we recover strong support that some of them have an asymmetric rate of nonsynonymous substitution: 6\% match predictions of the neofunctionalization hypothesis in that ( 1) each paralog accumulated nonsynonymous substitutions at a significantly different rate and ( 2) the one that evolves faster has a higher ka/ ks ratio than the other paralog and than a singleton ortholog. Fewer paralogs ( 3\%) exhibit a complementary pattern of substitution at the protein level that is predicted by enhancement or degradation of different functional domains, and the remaining 13\% have a higher average ka/ ks ratio in both paralogs that is consistent with altered functional constraints, diversifying selection, or activity-reducing mutations after duplication. We estimate that these paralogs have been retained since they originated by genome duplication between 21 and 41 million years ago. Multiple mechanisms operate to promote the retained expression of duplicates in the same genome, in genes in the same functional class, over the same period of time following duplication, and sometimes in the same pair of paralogs. None of these paralogs are superfluous; degradation or enhancement of different protein subfunctions and neofunctionalization are plausible hypotheses for the retained expression of some of them. Evolution of most X. laevis paralogs, however, is consistent with retained expression via mechanisms that do not radically alter functional constraints, such as selection to preserve post- duplication stoichiometry or temporal, quantitative, or spatial subfunctionalization.}, author = {Chain, Frederic J. J. and Evans, Ben J.} } @article {92, title = {Ontogenetic diet change in the arthroleptid frog Schoutedenella xenodactyloides}, journal = {Journal of Herpetology}, volume = {40}, number = {3}, year = {2006}, note = {Using Smart Source ParsingSEP}, pages = {388-394}, abstract = {Anuran amphibians are important consumers of arthropods in tropical ecosystems. Previous research has indicated that very small, terrestrial frogs, especially juveniles, largely consume small leaf litter arthropods. To date, few studies have examined diet in African anurans, and no studies exist of ontogenetic change in prey composition for any African frog. We investigated the change in diet that accompanies body size increase in the arthroleptid frog Schoutedenella xenodactyloides (Anura: Ranoidea) from a population located on the Mulanje Massif in Malawi, central Africa. Schoutedenella xenodactyloides is a miniature (< 22 mm snout-urostyle length; SUL), direct-developing frog that is often very abundant and is likely an important consumer of small leaf litter arthropods. Based on examination of stomach and intestinal contents from specimens that span the known range of posthatching body sizes, we document the taxonomic diversity of prey consumed by S. xenodactyloides. We present evidence that S. xenodactyloides exhibits a size-related ontogenetic change in the type and relative proportions of prey taxa. Small frogs (<= 13 min SUL) consume large numbers of collembolans and mites. As frogs attain larger body sizes; ants constitute a larger percentage of the total number of prey consumed; and collembolan and mite consumption falls below 10\% of the total prey items. The prey consumed by S. xenodactyloides include at least 10 orders of arthropods and an unidentified mollusk. This is a greater diversity of prey items than previously found in Schoutedenella as well as most other arthroleptid species.}, author = {Blackburn, David C. and Moreau, Corrie S.} } @article {98, title = {Phylogeny and biogeography of a cosmopolitan frog radiation: Late cretaceous diversification resulted in continent-scale endemism in the family ranidae}, journal = {Systematic Biology}, volume = {55}, number = {4}, year = {2006}, note = {Using Smart Source ParsingAUG}, pages = {579-594}, abstract = {Ranidae is a large anuran group with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships and early biogeographic history of ranid frogs, using 104 representatives of all subfamilies and families, sampled from throughout their distribution. Analyses of similar to 1570 bp of nuclear gene fragments (Rag-1, rhod, Tyr) and similar to 2100 bp of the mitochondrial genome (12S rRNA, tRNA(VAL), 16S rRNA) indicate that the monophyly of several taxa can be rejected with high confidence. Our tree is characterized by a clear historical association of each major clade with one Gondwanan plate. This prevalence of continent-scale endemism suggests that plate tectonics has played a major role in the distribution of ranid frogs. We performed dispersal-vicariance analyses, as well as analyses constrained by paleogeographic data, to estimate ancestral distributions during early ranid diversification. Additionally, we used molecular clock analyses to evaluate whether these scenarios fit the temporal framework of continental breakup. Our analyses suggest that a scenario in which the ancestors of several clades (Rhacophorinae, Dicroglossinae, Raninae) reached Eurasia via the Indian subcontinent, and the ancestor of Ceratobatrachinae entered via the Australia-New Guinea plate, best fits the paleogeographic models and requires the fewest number of dispersal/vicariance events. However, several alternatives, in which part of the ranid fauna colonized Laurasia from Africa, are not significantly worse. Most importantly, all hypotheses make clear predictions as to where to expect key fossils and where to sample other living ranids, and thus constitute a strong basis for further research. [Anura; biogeography; convergence; radiation; Ranidae; Ranoidea.]}, author = {Bossuyt, Franky and Brown, Rafe M. and Hillis, David M. and Cannatella, David C. and Milinkovitch, Michel C.} } @article {164, title = {Diversity erosion beyond the species level: Dramatic loss of functional diversity after selective logging in two tropical amphibian communities}, journal = {Biological Conservation}, volume = {133}, number = {2}, year = {2006}, month = {Nov 2006}, pages = {143-155}, abstract = {Assessing the effects of logging on different aspects of biodiversity and general ecosystem properties is of prime importance if the few remaining areas of intact tropical forest are to be efficiently protected. Commonly used measures of biodiversity may only inadequately reflect actual disturbance after logging and studies restricted to only one specific eco-region do not allow for generalizations of results. We hence measured the impact of selective logging on different levels of diversity of two tropical anuran communities in two geographically distinct eco-regions. Species-diversity patterns were incoherent both, within and between studies. In West Africa, species richness did not differ between primary and exploited forest sites, whereas South American anuran communities exhibited higher species richness in primary sites. Yet, in both eco-regions, functional diversity (FD) was higher in primary forest communities. Absolute values of FD were higher in South American anuran communities, despite higher species richness in West African communities. FD was higher in older recovery, as compared to younger recovery states, even though species-diversity did not differ significantly. Three major conclusions can be drawn from our results. 1. Scale matters: it is important to monitor different levels of biodiversity in order to reveal its actual loss after anthropogenic disturbance. 2. Time matters: the disturbance history of a site is important in order to detect patterns that otherwise remain unnoticed. 3. Geographic history matters at the local scale: whereas general patterns at higher diversity levels were identical in both eco-regions, species richness, species diversity and turnover patterns differed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, url = {://PREV200700067947}, author = {Ernst, Raffael and Linsenmair, K. Eduard and R{\"o}del, Mark-Oliver} } @article {78, title = {The anurans of the Banco National Park, Cote d{\textquoteright}Ivoire, a threatened West African rainforest}, journal = {Salamandra}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, year = {2006}, month = {Feb 20 2006}, pages = {41-51}, abstract = {We studied the anuran fauna of the Banco National Park (BNP) in south-eastern Cote d{\textquoteright}Ivoire from July 2003 to February 2004. During this period we recorded 28 anuran species. Important faunistic records were: a new hyperoliid treefrog that represents a new genus, a new species of Astylosternus, and the first country record for Phrynobatrachus ghanensis. On the basis of our standardized monitoring data we estimated that 34 to 38 amphibian species live in BNP. The presence of e.g. Phrynobatrachus phyllophilus, P. ghanensis and Ptychadena aequiplicata, that are typical primary forests species, shows that BNP still comprises primary forest. However, the occurrence of several other species such as Phrynobatrachus accraensis, Hoplobatrachus occipitalis, Ptychadena pumilio, P. mascareniensis, Bufo regularis and B. maculatus which normally inhabit secondary forest, farmbush or even savannah, indicates that BNP forests are already altered by human activities. Overall species richness of BNP was unexpectedly low compared to other known Upper Guinea forest areas, as was the proportion of species that are endemic to West Africa and the Upper Guinea forest block. The lack of numerous otherwise widespread forest frogs might be a hint that BNP already is too small (3000 ha) to assure long-term survival of particular amphibian species and thus is a pressing sign to put more emphasis on forest protection actions in south-eastern Cote d{\textquoteright}Ivoire.}, url = {://PREV200600494468}, author = {Assemian, N{\textquoteright}Guessan Emmanuel and Kouame, N{\textquoteright}Goran Germain and Tohe, Blayda and Gourene, Germain and R{\"o}del, Mark-Oliver} } @article {195, title = {The tadpole of Tomopterna luganga Channing, Moyer \& Dawood, 2004 (Anura : Ranidae)}, journal = {Salamandra}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, year = {2006}, month = {Feb 20 2006}, pages = {1-12}, abstract = {

The study describes for the first time the larva of the Red Sand Frog, Tomopterna luganga. The description is based on colour photographs of living specimens, preserved specimens, and SEM images of the oral field and internal oral features. Larval stages were obtained from captive breeding experiments. The identity of the species was verified by DNA matching with the holotype and paratypes. Tomopterna luganga tadpoles were very similar to other described larvae within the genus. The Labial Tooth Row Formula 4(2-4)/3(1) of T. luganga distinguishes the species from some of its congeners. However, the currently available data does not allow the development of a reliable determination key for the tadpoles of Tomopterna species.

}, author = {Haas, Alexander and Mitgutsch, Christian and Hertwig, Stefan and Dawood, Abeda and Channing, Alan} } @article {257, title = {Biodiversity in a forest island: reptiles and amphibians of the West African Togo Hills}, journal = {Amphibian and Reptile Conservation}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, year = {2006}, month = {Fal-Win 2006}, pages = {22-45}, abstract = {

Our recent surveys of the herpetological diversity of the West African Togo Hills documented a total of 65 reptile and amphibian species, making Kyabobo National Park one of the most diverse sites surveyed in Ghana. We provide accounts for all species recorded along with photographs to aid in identification. We recorded 26 amphibians, including six new records for Kyabobo N. P., one of which is a record for the Togo Hills. Our collection of reptile species (22 lizards, 16 snakes, and one crocodile) also provides new records and range extensions for Kyabobo N. P., such as the first observation of the dwarf crocodile, Osteolaemus tetraspis. Amphibian species still lacking from our surveys in the Togo Hills include several species that are adapted to fast running water or large closed forests, like the Togo toad, Bufo togoensis and the slippery frog, Conraua derooi. Appropriate habitat for such species still remains in Kyabobo, highlighting the need for additional survey work. We draw attention to the importance of conserving forest stream habitats, which will in turn help ensure the persistence of forest-restricted species. We also highlight those species that may prove most useful for evolutionary studies of West African rain forest biogeography.

}, url = {://PREV200700347828}, author = {Leache, Adam D. and R{\"o}del, Mark-Oliver and Linkem, Charles W. and Diaz, Raul E. and Hillers, Annika and Fujita, Matthew K.} } @article {286, title = {[TITLE BLANK]}, journal = {African Journal of Herpetology}, volume = {55}, number = {2}, year = {2006}, month = {Dec 2006}, pages = {113-122}, abstract = {A new species of Kassina is described from Unguja Island, Zanzibar, East Africa. It is distinguished from other species in its genus by an advertisement call that is pulsed, frequency modulated, and with a longer duration than that of K. senegalensis or K. maculata, and its grey and white reticulated colour pattern. The gular strap, like that in K. senegalensis, is continuous with the thick, pleated skin of the vocal pouch, but unlike K. senegalensis, it is rounded and truncated posteriorly. In contrast, the gular gland of K. maculata is rounded and free at its posterior end. The finger and toe tips are not distinct disks, but are only very slightly rounded and truncated when viewed from above. In lateral view, the tips arc noticeably flattened.}, url = {://PREV200700148839}, author = {Msuya, Charles A. and Howell, Kim M. and Channing, Alan} }