@article {171,
	title = {Patterns of carpal development among anuran amphibians},
	journal = {Journal of Morphology},
	volume = {249},
	number = {3},
	year = {2001},
	month = {September},
	pages = {210-220},
	abstract = {The unity and diversity of developmental processes in the vertebrate limb have singular importance in the interpretation of evolutionary hypotheses of tetrapod diversification. In anurans, the intraordinal diversity of forelimbs seems to be related to the fusion of distal carpals, whereas proximal carpals are invariable. However, there are different ontogenetic pathways involved in the differentiation of proximal carpals. This study presents a comparative analysis of early developmental features in one archeobatrachian and 23 neobatrachian species representing five families and explores the variability in the differentiation of carpal cartilages. We found new evidence supporting the presence of an embryonic intermedium that incorporates with the ulnare. Difference between the pipid Xenopus and the neobatrachians is interpreted as a change in the rate of differentiation of Distal Carpal 5 that does not affect the developmental pattern of digits. The developmental variability exhibited by the intermedium, radiale, and Element Y is combined in patterns that converge on the same adult carpal morphology among neobatrachians; these patterns appear to contain potentially useful phylogenetic information.},
	author = {Fabrezi, Marissa and Barg, Monica}
}
@article {99,
	title = {A review of the frog genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, Rhacophorinae)},
	journal = {Zeylanica},
	volume = {6},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	month = {May 2001},
	pages = {1-112},
	type = {Review of genus},
	keywords = {Philautus},
	author = {F. Bossuyt and A. Dubois}
}
@article {292,
	title = {Chromosome data for Malagasy poison frogs (Amphibia: Ranidae: Mantella) and their bearing on taxonomy and phylogeny},
	journal = {Zoological Science (Tokyo)},
	volume = {18},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	month = {May},
	pages = {505-514},
	abstract = {We compared chromosome morphologies for 11 species of Malagasy poison frogs, genus Mantella, and three outgroup taxa (genus Mantidactylus) using conventional and fluorescence staining techniques. All species studied had a karyotype of 2n=26, with five larger and eight smaller chromosome pairs. The 11th pair was acrocentic in Mantella nigricans represents the first such observation in the genus. The nucleolus organizer region (NOR) was located at secondary constrictions on chromosome pair 2 in all Mantella studied and in Mantidactylus grandisonae (while located on other chromosomes in all other species of Mantidactylus studied so far). Heterochromatin distribution was highly variable among Mantella species; C-bands positively staining with DAPI and CMA3 were observed. The possible structure of these bands, seemingly containing both A+T rich and C+G rich heterochromatin, is discussed. Phylogenetic reconstruction using chromosomal characters provided very little information. Evolution of the characters studied is probably either too fast (heterochromatin arrangement) or too slow (NOR location) to match the main cladogenetic events among Mantella species groups.},
	url = {file://localhost/Users/breda/Desktop/Documents/Literature/O/Odierna.pdf},
	author = {Odierna, Gaetano and Vences, Miguel and Aprea, Gennaro and L{\"o}tters, Stefan and Andreone, Franco}
}
@article {336,
	title = {Redescription of the tadpole of Phlyctimantis boulengeri Perret, 1986 (Anura, Hyperoliidae) with preliminary comments on the biology of the species},
	journal = {Alytes (Paris)},
	volume = {18},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2001},
	month = {January, 2001},
	pages = {178-186},
	abstract = {We redescribe the tadpole of Phlyctimantis boulengeri Perret, 1986 based on specimens from Tai National Park, Ivory Coast. The tadpoles resemble very much those of the genus Kassina. We found no hints for arboreal spawning, as described by Guibe and Lamotte (1958) for this species. Eggs were laid singly below the surface of water. Adults showed a conspicuous defence behaviour.},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://PREV200100217166},
	author = {R{\"o}del, Mark-Oliver and Ernst, Raffael}
}
@article {413,
	title = {Catalogue of the amphibians of Ethiopia, including a key for their identification},
	journal = {Tropical Zoology (Florence)},
	volume = {14},
	number = {2},
	year = {2001},
	month = {December, 2001},
	pages = {307-402},
	abstract = {<p>This review recognises 63 amphibians species in Ethiopia, a total that is sure to increase as many still remote regions come to be more adequately surveyed. It incorporates the following taxonomic changes: Bufo chappuisi Roux 1936 is considered a synonym of B. lughensis Loveridge 1932, Ptychadena largeni Perret 1994 a synonym of P. neumanni (Ahl 1924) and Rana schubotzi Sternfeld 1917 a synonym of Ptychadena tellinii (Peracca 1904). The ecological profile and zoogeographical affinities of every species is analysed and its recorded distribution within Ethiopia is mapped. More than half of these taxa are savanna forms, found in lowland areas around the margins of the central plateau and often widespread in other parts of Africa. In contrast, 25 species (40\% of the total) are at present considered endemic; seven of the eight families include endemic representatives, amongst which are six endemic genera: Sylvacaecilia Wake 1987, Altiphrynoides Dubois 1987, Spinophrynoides Dubois 1987. Ericabatrachus Largen 1991, Balebreviceps Largen and Drewers 1989 and Paracassina Peracca 1907. Three species appear to be confined to lowland forrest in southwestern Ethiopia, but the majority of endemics are most clearly associated with montane forest, grassland or moorland in the altitudinal range 1800-4000 m. Widespread environmental degradation by an ever-increasing human population is a severe problem in Ethiopia and the threat to montane and forest endemics, both known and yet to be discovered, gives particular cause for concern. National Parks, established to conserve selected environments for the benefit of entire communities, provide the best prospects for the protection of amphibian species in the immediate future. The Bale Mountains National Park alone provides a refuge for at least 17 amphibian taxa, including 48\% of the endemic species and five of the six endemic genera.</p>
},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://PREV200200492610},
	author = {Largen, Malcolm J.}
}
@article {361,
	title = {The biogeography of the Anura of sub-equatorial Africa and the prioritisation of areas for their conservation},
	journal = {Biodiversity \& Conservation},
	volume = {10},
	number = {12},
	year = {2001},
	month = {December},
	pages = {2045-2076},
	abstract = {There is an increasing need for protected areas to conserve biodiversity efficiently. The Anura of sub-equatorial Africa have received little attention, but we quantitatively analyse a database containing presence-only data for anurans of sub-equatorial Africa to determine patterns of distribution and species richness, and discuss the roles of present and past environmental conditions in shaping these patterns. We consider the distribution of areas rich in endemic, range-restricted and Red Data Book (RDB) species to identify areas of significance to conservation. The Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe and adjacent area in Mozambique, southeastern Malawi and the northern coast of KwaZulu/Natal are particularly species rich, whereas the southwestern Cape of South Africa and northwestern Zambia exhibit high degrees of endemism. Four major biogeographical sub-regions are identified, which can be further subdivided into provinces. All statistically significant, current environmental factors together account for 52.6\% of species richness. Annual maximum rainfall, soil type variation, minimum temperature and range of elevation were all positively correlated with species richness. Thus, both habitat influences and history appear to have influenced patterns of anuran richness in the region. Generally, areas of high species richness coincide with those high in range-restricted, endemic and RDB species. In South Africa, the northeastern coast and southwestern Cape are hypothesised to have been both refugia and centres of speciation. Results suggest that the current reserve system in sub-equatorial Africa is inadequate for the conservation of the full complement of anuran species in the region.},
	keywords = {Phrynobatrachus},
	url = {file://localhost/Users/breda/Desktop/Literature/S/Seymour\%202001.pdf},
	author = {Seymour, C. L. and de Klerk, H. M. and Channing, A. and Crowe, T. M.}
}
@article {252,
	title = {The status of the genus Phrynobatrachus Gunther 1862 in Ethiopia and Eritrea, including description of a new species (Amphibia Anura Ranidae)},
	journal = {Tropical Zoology},
	volume = {14},
	number = {2},
	year = {2001},
	month = {December},
	pages = {287-306},
	url = {file://localhost/Users/breda/Desktop/Literature/L/Largen\%202001.pdf},
	author = {Largen, Malcolm J.}
}
@article {289,
	title = {Functional consequences of a novel middle ear adaptation in the central African frog Petropedetes parkeri (Ranidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
	volume = {204},
	number = {7},
	year = {2001},
	month = {April},
	pages = {1223-1232},
	abstract = {During the breeding season, each tympanic membrane of males of the Old World treefrog Petropedetes parkeri is decorated with a single, prominent, fleshy tympanic papilla. The tympanic papilla, located dorsally on the tympanic membrane, is covered by an epidermal surface and is composed of non-ossified, spongiform tissue containing a number of globular, fluid-filled vesicles found at highest density near the papillar tip. These vesicles appear to have exit pores and are probably simple alveolar exocrine glands. Injecting sound into the pressurized vocal cavity of the male and measuring the vibration velocity response of the tympanic membrane revealed that from 0.3 to 2.0 kHz the tympanic papilla velocity amplitude is on average 20 dB lower than that of a point diametrically opposite on the ventral half of the tympanic membrane. The close agreement between the dominant frequency of the call and the frequency of the maximum spectral peak of the Fast Fourier Transform of the impulse response of the eardrum is consistent with the use of the eardrum in this species both as a call receiver and as a call radiator, similar to the function suggested for the eardrum of the male bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. Unexpectedly, surgically removing the tympanic papilla lowered the frequency of the peak vibrational amplitude, testifying to the importance of membrane tension as a dominant factor in the vibratory behavior of the eardrum. During normal positive-pressure breathing, the tympanic papillae move conspicuously, suggesting a possible role as a visual signal.},
	url = {file://localhost/Users/breda/Desktop/Literature/N/Narins.pdf},
	author = {Narins, Peter M. and Lewis, Edwin R. and Purgue, Alejandro P. and Bishop, Phillip J. and Minter, Leslie R. and Lawson, Dwight P.}
}
@article {101,
	title = {Amphibians as indicators of early tertiary "out-of-India" dispersal of vertebrates},
	journal = {Science (Washington D C)},
	volume = {292},
	number = {5514},
	year = {2001},
	month = {6 April},
	pages = {93-95},
	abstract = {Sixty-five million years ago, massive volcanism produced on the India-Seychelles landmass the largest continental lava deposit (Deccan Traps) of the past 200 million years. Using a molecular clock-independent approach for inferring dating information from molecular phylogenies, we show that multiple lineages of frogs survived Deccan Traps volcanism after millions of years of isolation on drifting India. The collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates was followed by wide dispersal of several of these lineages. This "out-of-India" scenario reveals a zoogeographical pattern that might reconcile paleontological and molecular data in other vertebrate groups.},
	url = {file://localhost/Users/breda/Desktop/Literature/B/Bossuyt\%20and\%20Milinkovitch\%202001.pdf},
	author = {Bossuyt, Franky and Milinkovitch, Michel C.}
}
@article {402,
	title = {Phylogenetic relationships within the Hyperolius viridiflavus complex (Anura: Hyperoliidae), and comments on taxonomic status},
	journal = {Amphibia-Reptilia},
	volume = {22},
	number = {2},
	year = {2001},
	month = {29 March, 2001},
	pages = {155-166},
	abstract = {<p>The taxonomy of the Hyperolius viridiflavus complex, a group of African frogs, has been problematic. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of these frogs. The phylogeny showed that subspecies were grouped into clades, within which certain taxa were not supported by fixed characters. We used the phylogenetic species concept to identify the smallest monophyletic clades supported by at least one fixed character, and suggest taxonomic revisions based on our results. We identify ten species within the H. viridiflavus complex.</p>
},
	author = {Wieczorek, Ania M. and Drewes, R. C. and Channing, Alan}
}
@article {392,
	title = {Natural history and biogeography of the amphibians and reptiles of Kibale National Park, Uganda},
	journal = {Contemporary Herpetology},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2001},
	month = {23 August 2001},
	author = {Vonesh, J.}
}
@book {119,
	title = {Amphibians of Central and Southern Africa},
	series = {Comstock books in herpetology},
	year = {2001},
	note = {TY - BOOKIncludes bibliographical references (p. [427]-455) and indexes. HOLLIS no. - 008841076},
	month = {2001.},
	pages = {x, 470 p., [24] p. of plates},
	publisher = {Comstock Pub. Associates},
	organization = {Comstock Pub. Associates},
	address = {Ithaca, N.Y.},
	keywords = {Amphibians Africa, Southern.},
	isbn = {0801438659 (cloth)},
	url = {http://discovery.lib.harvard.edu//?itemid=\%7clibrary\%2fm\%2faleph\%7c008841076 CN - Museum Comp Zoology | QL662.A356 C43 2001, QL662.A356 C43 2001},
	author = {Channing, A.}
}
@article {14513855,
	title = {Rationalizing early embryogenesis in the 1930s: Albert Dalcq on gradients and fields},
	journal = {Journal of the history of biology},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {149-81},
	abstract = {The present account aims to contribute to a better characterization of the state and the dynamics of embryological knowledge at the dawn of the molecular revolution in biology. In this study, Albert Dalcq (1893-1973) was chosen as a representative of a generation of embryologists who found themselves at the junction of two very different approaches to the study of life: the first, focusing on global properties of organisms; the first, focusing on the characterization of basic molecular constituents. Though clearly belonging to the organismic tradition, Dalcq was already blending his experimental and explanatory practices with biochemical aspects by the 1930s. Principally based on published sources, the present analysis focuses on the conceptual definitions, modifications and interrelations on which Dalcq{\textquoteright}s explanation of development rested. Among these are variant process concepts such as gradients and fields, which are often thought to have strongly holistic implications. I will argue that Dalcq{\textquoteright}s version of these concepts was compatible with a more reductionist treatment of embryos than was accepted by most embryologists as late as the 1950s, pointing to some extent toward the recent molecular characterization of gradients by molecular geneticists such as Christiane N{\"u}sslien-Volhard. Moreover, I will show the embryological research program of Dalcq and his pupil Jean Brachet has been largely instrumental in the development of molecular biology in Belgium.},
	author = {Thieffry, D}
}
@article {108,
	title = {Acoustics of the genus Cacosternum (Anura: Petropedetidae) in the Eastern Cape and ZwaZulu-Natal},
	journal = {Bird Numbers},
	volume = {10},
	number = {2},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {37},
	author = {Burger, M.}
}
@book {1312,
	title = {Amphibians of Central and Southern Africa},
	year = {2001},
	publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	organization = {Cornell University Press},
	address = {Ithaca, NY},
	author = {Channing, A.}
}
@book {2493,
	title = {Amphibians of Central and Southern Africa},
	year = {2001},
	publisher = {Comstock Pub. Associates},
	organization = {Comstock Pub. Associates},
	author = {Channing, A.}
}
@article {1248,
	title = {Catalogue of the amphibians of Ethiopia, including a key for their identification},
	journal = {Tropical Zoology},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {307-402},
	author = {Largen, M.J.}
}
@article {1342,
	title = {Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for Southern African Frogs: Final Report.},
	year = {2001},
	publisher = {IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group},
	address = {Apple Valley, MN},
	author = {J.A. Harrison and Burger, M. and L.R. Minter and de Villiers, Atherton L. and Baard, E. H. W. and Scott, Elizabeth and Bishop, P. J. and Ellis, S.}
}
@article {1425,
	title = {Frogs and Frogging in Southern Africa},
	journal = {Stuik},
	year = {2001},
	author = {V.C. Carruthers}
}
@book {2497,
	title = {Frogs and frogging in Southern Africa},
	year = {2001},
	publisher = {Struik Publishers},
	organization = {Struik Publishers},
	author = {Carruthers, V.}
}
@article {1264,
	title = {Lipid induced conformation of the tachykinin peptide Kassinin},
	journal = {J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn.},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {611-621, 623-625},
	author = {R.C. Grace and A.M. Lynn and S.M. Cowsik}
}
@article {2289,
	title = {Un nouveau Leptopelis de la zone forestiere camerounaise (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae).},
	journal = {Alytes. Paris},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {29-44},
	author = {J.-L. Amiet}
}
@article {169,
	title = {Field notes from Indonesia collection (2000, 2001)},
	year = {2001},
	author = {Evans, B.J.}
}
